key term - β-ketoacyl-coa thiolase

Definition

β-ketoacyl-coa thiolase is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the metabolism of fatty acids, specifically in the breakdown of β-ketoacyl-CoA molecules during the process of fatty acid degradation. This enzyme catalyzes the cleavage of the thioester bond in β-ketoacyl-CoA, resulting in the formation of acetyl-CoA and a shorter acyl-CoA chain. This reaction is significant as it contributes to the overall energy production from fatty acids and helps maintain metabolic balance.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. β-ketoacyl-coa thiolase catalyzes a reversible reaction, allowing it to play a role in both fatty acid degradation and synthesis depending on cellular conditions.
2. The enzyme helps regulate the flow of fatty acids into energy production pathways by controlling the availability of acetyl-CoA.
3. In humans, defects in β-ketoacyl-coa thiolase can lead to metabolic disorders such as acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiencies.
4. The action of this enzyme occurs primarily in the mitochondria and is essential for proper mitochondrial function and energy metabolism.
5. β-ketoacyl-coa thiolase is part of the larger family of thiolase enzymes that are involved in various metabolic pathways, including ketogenesis and cholesterol synthesis.

Review Questions

• How does β-ketoacyl-coa thiolase contribute to fatty acid metabolism?
  • β-ketoacyl-coa thiolase contributes to fatty acid metabolism by catalyzing the cleavage of β-ketoacyl-CoA into acetyl-CoA and a shorter acyl-CoA chain. This reaction is vital for energy production as it enables the body to utilize stored fat effectively. By regulating the conversion of β-ketoacyl-CoA, this enzyme helps maintain balance in metabolic pathways associated with both energy production and storage.
• Discuss the implications of defective β-ketoacyl-coa thiolase on human health and metabolism.
  • Defective β-ketoacyl-coa thiolase can lead to various metabolic disorders, such as acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiencies, which impair the body's ability to break down fatty acids effectively. This dysfunction can result in symptoms such as hypoglycemia, muscle weakness, and potential accumulation of harmful metabolites. Understanding these implications is crucial for diagnosing metabolic disorders and developing targeted treatments.
• Evaluate the importance of β-ketoacyl-coa thiolase in maintaining metabolic homeostasis during periods of fasting or prolonged exercise.
  • During fasting or prolonged exercise, β-ketoacyl-coa thiolase becomes increasingly important for maintaining metabolic homeostasis. The enzyme facilitates the breakdown of fatty acids into acetyl-CoA, providing an essential energy source when glucose levels are low. This process not only supports ATP production but also helps regulate ketone body formation, which can serve as an alternative fuel for tissues like the brain. The efficient action of this enzyme ensures that energy demands are met during times when carbohydrate availability is compromised.

Related terms

Fatty acid oxidation: The metabolic process by which fatty acids are broken down to generate energy, primarily in the form of ATP, through a series of reactions involving the removal of two-carbon units.

Acetyl-CoA: A key metabolic intermediate formed from the breakdown of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, serving as a crucial substrate for energy production in the citric acid cycle.

Thiolysis: A biochemical reaction involving the cleavage of a carbon-sulfur bond, often facilitated by enzymes like thiolases, leading to the formation of new products.