Global Positioning System (GPS)

Definition

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation system that allows users to determine their exact location (latitude, longitude, and altitude) anywhere on Earth. GPS relies on a network of satellites orbiting the planet, transmitting signals to receivers, enabling real-time position tracking and navigation for various applications, including autonomous vehicles.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. GPS uses at least 24 satellites in medium Earth orbit to provide accurate location information to users worldwide.
2. Each GPS satellite transmits signals that include the satellite's location and the precise time the signal was sent, allowing receivers to calculate their distance from multiple satellites to pinpoint their location.
3. GPS can provide accuracy within a few meters in open areas; however, urban canyons or dense forests may lead to reduced accuracy due to signal obstruction.
4. In autonomous vehicles, GPS plays a crucial role in longitudinal control by enabling speed regulation and distance maintenance from other vehicles or obstacles on the road.
5. Differential GPS (DGPS) enhances the accuracy of standard GPS by using additional ground-based reference stations to correct any errors in satellite data.

Review Questions

• How does GPS technology contribute to the longitudinal control of autonomous vehicles?
  • GPS technology is essential for the longitudinal control of autonomous vehicles as it provides accurate positioning data that helps the vehicle determine its speed and distance from other vehicles. By continuously receiving satellite signals, the vehicle can adjust its throttle and braking systems based on real-time information about its surroundings. This ensures safe following distances and smooth acceleration or deceleration, which are critical for maintaining control in various driving conditions.
• Evaluate the impact of GPS signal accuracy on the performance of autonomous vehicle systems in navigating complex environments.
  • The accuracy of GPS signals significantly affects how well autonomous vehicles perform in complex environments. High accuracy allows for precise positioning, enabling vehicles to navigate safely through busy streets and around obstacles. However, when GPS accuracy is compromised due to factors like urban canyons or signal interference, it can lead to challenges in maintaining proper longitudinal control. This may result in erratic behavior or difficulties in following traffic patterns, highlighting the need for additional navigation aids and sensor fusion techniques.
• Synthesize how advancements in GPS technology could enhance the future development of autonomous vehicle systems.
  • Advancements in GPS technology, such as improved satellite constellations and enhanced signal processing techniques, have the potential to greatly enhance autonomous vehicle systems. By increasing signal accuracy and reliability, these advancements would allow vehicles to operate more effectively in challenging environments where traditional GPS might struggle. Furthermore, integrating GPS with other positioning technologies like inertial measurement units (IMUs) and computer vision can create a more robust navigation system. This synergy will not only improve safety and efficiency but also enable new capabilities for autonomous vehicles, such as tighter maneuverability and better obstacle avoidance.

Related terms

Satellites: Artificial objects placed in orbit around Earth that transmit signals for GPS and other navigation systems.

Navigation:

The process of determining one's position and planning a route to a destination using various tools and systems, including GPS.

Geolocation:

The identification of the geographic location of an object, such as a vehicle or device, using GPS data.