Peristyle

Definition

A peristyle is a colonnade or a row of columns surrounding a space, typically an open courtyard, that serves both aesthetic and functional purposes in ancient Greek architecture. This architectural feature enhances the beauty of temples and sacred spaces while providing a transitional area between the interior and exterior, often creating a sense of enclosure and inviting access to the sanctified spaces within.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Peristyles were commonly used in ancient Greek temples, providing a sense of harmony and balance to the overall structure.
2. The design of the peristyle often included both Doric and Ionic columns, showcasing the architectural styles prevalent during different periods.
3. In addition to temples, peristyles were also found in public buildings and private homes, illustrating their importance in various aspects of Greek life.
4. The Temple of Hera at Samos features a notable peristyle that adds to its grandeur and religious significance, reflecting the architectural innovation of its time.
5. The famous Temple of Artemis at Ephesus is renowned for its impressive peristyle, which contributed to its status as one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.

Review Questions

• How does the design of a peristyle enhance the overall aesthetic and functional aspects of Greek temples?
  • The design of a peristyle enhances Greek temples by providing a visually striking transition between the outside world and sacred interiors. The surrounding columns create an inviting atmosphere while maintaining structural integrity, allowing for natural light to filter into the inner spaces. This combination of beauty and function makes the peristyle an essential element in conveying the temple's significance and inviting worshippers to enter.
• Compare the peristyles found in notable temples like the Temple of Hera at Samos and the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus regarding their architectural style and cultural significance.
  • Both the Temple of Hera at Samos and the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus feature grand peristyles that reflect their architectural styles—Doric for Hera and Ionic for Artemis. The cultural significance of these structures is evident in their ability to attract visitors and worshippers, showcasing the craftsmanship and religious devotion characteristic of their respective cities. Additionally, each peristyle serves as a symbol of civic pride and artistic achievement in ancient Greece.
• Evaluate the role of peristyles in demonstrating societal values in ancient Greece, particularly concerning public versus private spaces.
  • Peristyles illustrate societal values in ancient Greece by emphasizing the importance of communal space while also providing private areas for reflection. In public buildings like temples, peristyles invite community participation in religious practices, showcasing collective identity. In contrast, private homes with peristyles highlight personal wealth and status while offering family members a serene area for gatherings. This dual role reflects how architecture can convey both individual aspirations and collective beliefs within Greek society.

Related terms

Colonnade:

A series of columns set at regular intervals, often supporting a roof structure or serving as a decorative element in architecture.

Cella:

The inner chamber of a temple, typically housing the cult statue of the deity to whom the temple is dedicated.

Naos: Another term for the cella, it specifically refers to the main sanctuary area within a temple where the primary worship activities occur.