Snowball Sampling

Definition

Snowball sampling is a non-probability sampling technique where existing study subjects recruit future subjects from among their acquaintances. This method is especially useful for accessing hard-to-reach populations and can build a larger sample size through the connections of initial participants. As participants refer others, the sample grows like a snowball, facilitating the gathering of data in investigative interviews.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Snowball sampling is particularly effective in situations where participants are part of a hidden or marginalized community, such as substance abusers or individuals with stigmatized conditions.
2. This method can introduce bias since the initial participants may share similar characteristics, which can affect the diversity of the sample.
3. Recruitment relies heavily on trust; if participants feel comfortable, they are more likely to refer others, making rapport crucial for successful snowball sampling.
4. The method can lead to larger sample sizes without needing extensive resources or time, making it efficient for qualitative data collection.
5. Ethical considerations are important; researchers must ensure confidentiality and informed consent when using snowball sampling to protect participants.

Review Questions

• How does snowball sampling facilitate access to hard-to-reach populations in investigative interviews?
  • Snowball sampling allows researchers to tap into networks of individuals who may be difficult to identify or reach through traditional sampling methods. When initial participants refer others within their circle, it helps build trust and encourages participation among people who might otherwise be reluctant to engage in the study. This technique is particularly valuable in investigative interviews where understanding specific communities or behaviors requires insight from individuals connected by shared experiences.
• Evaluate the potential biases that may arise from using snowball sampling in research.
  • Snowball sampling can lead to selection bias since the initial subjects may have similar traits or backgrounds, impacting the overall diversity of the sample. This can result in findings that may not be representative of the broader population. Additionally, if certain groups are more likely to refer others, this can skew results and limit the ability to generalize findings across different segments of the target population.
• Synthesize how snowball sampling can enhance qualitative research while also presenting ethical dilemmas.
  • Snowball sampling enriches qualitative research by leveraging personal networks, allowing researchers to gain deeper insights from interconnected individuals. This method helps ensure that voices from marginalized or hidden communities are heard and represented. However, ethical dilemmas arise regarding confidentiality and informed consent since participant referrals can inadvertently expose sensitive information about those involved. Researchers must navigate these challenges carefully to protect participant privacy while obtaining valuable qualitative data.

Related terms

Non-Probability Sampling: A sampling technique where not all members of the population have a chance of being selected, often leading to potential biases in the sample.

Qualitative Research: A research method focused on understanding human behavior and experiences through collection of non-numerical data, often involving interviews and observations.

Target Population: The entire group of individuals that a researcher is interested in studying, from which a sample is drawn.