Crossing

Definition

In the context of Christian symbolism in imperial art and architecture, crossing refers to the intersection point in a cruciform (cross-shaped) church plan, where the nave and the transept meet. This space often serves as a focal point in the church, symbolizing the convergence of earthly and divine realms, and is frequently adorned with significant artistic elements that emphasize its importance.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The crossing often features a dome, which symbolizes heaven and the divine presence, linking the physical space of the church with spiritual significance.
2. In many early Christian churches, mosaics or frescoes depicting biblical scenes were used to decorate the crossing area, enhancing its role as a place of worship.
3. The architectural design of the crossing evolved over time, reflecting changes in liturgical practices and theological emphases within Christianity.
4. In some instances, the crossing served as a symbolic representation of Christ himself, embodying both humanity and divinity at the center of worship.
5. Churches built during the Byzantine period often emphasized the grandeur of the crossing, using elaborate decoration to convey its importance in both art and architecture.

Review Questions

• How does the design of the crossing reflect Christian theological beliefs?
  • The design of the crossing reflects Christian theological beliefs by serving as a visual representation of the intersection between heaven and earth. The location symbolizes Christ's sacrifice and resurrection, embodying themes of redemption and divine presence. The architectural features found in this space, such as domes and intricate artwork, reinforce its significance as a place where worshippers connect with the divine.
• Discuss how artistic elements within the crossing contribute to its role in Christian worship.
  • Artistic elements within the crossing contribute significantly to its role in Christian worship by enhancing its spiritual atmosphere. Mosaics, frescoes, and sculptures often depict pivotal biblical moments or saints, inviting congregants to contemplate their faith while encouraging deeper participation in liturgical practices. This visual storytelling reinforces community beliefs and fosters a sense of reverence within the sacred space.
• Evaluate how changes in architectural styles influenced the design and symbolism of crossings in churches from Late Antiquity through the Byzantine period.
  • Changes in architectural styles greatly influenced the design and symbolism of crossings in churches from Late Antiquity through the Byzantine period. As architectural techniques advanced, crossings became more elaborate, with larger domes and intricate mosaics that emphasized their central role in worship. This evolution reflected shifts in theological understanding and liturgical practices, showcasing how architecture not only served functional purposes but also communicated deeper spiritual truths about Christ's nature and his connection to believers.

Related terms

Cruciform: A design shaped like a cross, typically used in the layout of Christian churches to symbolize Christ's crucifixion.

Transept: The part of a church that intersects with the nave, usually extending perpendicular to it and forming the arms of the cross.

Altar:

A raised structure in a church where religious rituals, especially sacrifices or communion, are performed.