The Calling of Saint Matthew

Definition

The Calling of Saint Matthew is a renowned Baroque painting by Caravaggio, created between 1599 and 1600, depicting the moment when Jesus Christ calls Matthew, a tax collector, to follow him as a disciple. This work is significant for its dramatic use of light and shadow, known as chiaroscuro, which highlights the emotional intensity of the scene and emphasizes the transformative moment in Matthew's life. The painting serves as a powerful example of Counter-Reformation art, as it illustrates themes of divine grace and the calling of sinners to redemption.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Calling of Saint Matthew is housed in the Contarelli Chapel in San Luigi dei Francesi in Rome, making it a central piece of religious art for viewers seeking inspiration.
2. Caravaggio's innovative use of light in this painting symbolizes divine presence, contrasting the mundane lives of the figures with the spiritual calling from Christ.
3. The artwork captures not only Matthew's surprise but also his hesitant acceptance of Jesus' call, representing a theme of redemption prevalent during the Counter-Reformation.
4. This painting was commissioned by a wealthy patron, highlighting how art served as a means for both personal expression and religious propaganda during this era.
5. The figures depicted in the painting are dressed in contemporary clothing from Caravaggio's time, making the biblical scene relatable to 17th-century audiences.

Review Questions

• How does Caravaggio’s use of chiaroscuro enhance the emotional impact of The Calling of Saint Matthew?
  • Caravaggio’s use of chiaroscuro in The Calling of Saint Matthew creates a striking contrast between light and dark that draws attention to the figures and emphasizes the moment of revelation. The light illuminates Christ and Matthew, signifying divine intervention while surrounding figures remain shrouded in shadow. This technique not only highlights the intensity of Matthew’s reaction but also engages viewers by inviting them into this pivotal moment of spiritual awakening.
• In what ways does The Calling of Saint Matthew reflect the goals of Counter-Reformation art?
  • The Calling of Saint Matthew exemplifies Counter-Reformation art by portraying a moment that emphasizes themes such as repentance and divine grace. By depicting a humble tax collector being called to discipleship, Caravaggio aligns with the Catholic Church's efforts to convey messages about mercy and redemption. The dramatic realism and emotional engagement encourage viewers to reflect on their own faith and relationship with God, thus serving as an effective tool for religious propaganda.
• Evaluate the significance of contemporary dress in The Calling of Saint Matthew and its implications for understanding Baroque art's relationship with society.
  • The use of contemporary dress in The Calling of Saint Matthew is significant as it creates a relatable bridge between biblical narratives and 17th-century viewers. By placing historical figures in familiar attire, Caravaggio makes spiritual messages accessible and relevant to his audience. This choice reflects how Baroque art sought to engage with society on a personal level, emphasizing themes like grace and redemption while promoting reflection on moral values within a contemporary context.

Related terms

Chiaroscuro: A technique used in painting that employs strong contrasts between light and dark to give the illusion of volume and depth.

Counter-Reformation:

A period of Catholic resurgence initiated in response to the Protestant Reformation, aiming to reform the Church and reaffirm its authority through art, education, and spirituality.

Tenebrism: A style of painting characterized by deep shadows and dramatic illumination, often used by Baroque artists to enhance emotional impact.