Othering

Definition

Othering is a social and psychological process that involves the categorization and perception of individuals or groups as fundamentally different from oneself, often leading to the marginalization or dehumanization of those considered 'other.' This concept plays a crucial role in postcolonial discourse, highlighting how colonial powers defined and treated colonized peoples as inferior or exotic, thereby reinforcing power dynamics and cultural hierarchies.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Othering is often used to create a divide between the 'us' and 'them,' establishing a sense of superiority among the dominant group while simultaneously devaluing the 'other.'
2. In postcolonial contexts, othering manifests through cultural representations in literature, art, and media that depict colonized peoples as primitive or savage.
3. The process of othering can lead to systemic discrimination and exclusion in various spheres such as politics, economics, and social interactions.
4. Othering is not limited to historical contexts; it continues to occur in contemporary societies where certain groups are marginalized based on race, religion, gender, or sexual orientation.
5. Critics argue that othering can lead to violence and conflict as it fosters an 'us versus them' mentality that justifies mistreatment of the 'other.'

Review Questions

• How does othering contribute to the dynamics of power in postcolonial settings?
  • Othering plays a significant role in establishing power dynamics in postcolonial settings by categorizing colonized peoples as fundamentally different from the colonizers. This differentiation reinforces feelings of superiority among colonizers while portraying the colonized as inferior or exotic. Such perceptions justify unequal treatment and exploitation, solidifying existing hierarchies and perpetuating cycles of oppression even after formal colonial rule has ended.
• In what ways can literature reflect and challenge the process of othering in postcolonial narratives?
  • Literature serves as a powerful medium to both reflect and challenge othering in postcolonial narratives. Authors may depict characters who experience othering due to their race, culture, or identity, illustrating the psychological impact of marginalization. Furthermore, through storytelling, writers can disrupt stereotypes by presenting complex characters and experiences that humanize the 'other,' thus challenging dominant narratives that perpetuate discrimination and promoting empathy among readers.
• Evaluate the long-term consequences of othering on societal relations in postcolonial contexts and its implications for modern multicultural societies.
  • The long-term consequences of othering in postcolonial contexts include persistent inequalities, social fragmentation, and intergroup tensions. As marginalized groups continue to face discrimination based on historical perceptions rooted in othering, these societal divisions can become entrenched over generations. In modern multicultural societies, addressing the legacy of othering is crucial for fostering inclusivity and promoting understanding among diverse populations. Failure to confront these issues may lead to ongoing conflict and hinder social cohesion.

Related terms

Colonialism:

The practice of acquiring full or partial control over another country, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically.

Identity: The qualities, beliefs, personality, looks, and expressions that make a person or group. Identity can be shaped by factors such as culture, ethnicity, gender, and social class.

Stereotyping: The oversimplified and fixed ideas about a group of people that do not take into account individual differences.