Slaves

Definition

Slaves during the Viking Age were individuals who were considered property of their owners and forced to work without compensation. The existence of slavery was an integral part of Viking society, influencing its economy and social structures, particularly in towns where trade and craftsmanship flourished. Slavery was not limited to captured enemies; it also encompassed individuals sold into servitude due to debt or other circumstances.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Slavery in Viking society was widespread, with a significant portion of the population being thralls who worked in households, farms, and workshops.
2. Viking raids across Europe resulted in the capture of many individuals who were then brought back as slaves to Scandinavia.
3. Unlike some other cultures, Viking slaves could sometimes earn their freedom through manumission or by purchasing their release.
4. The status of a slave in Viking society could vary; while they had few rights, some thralls could gain trust and even manage certain household affairs.
5. Slavery contributed significantly to the Viking economy, providing labor for agricultural production and skilled crafts in towns.

Review Questions

• How did the practice of slavery affect the social structure of Viking towns?
  • Slavery played a crucial role in shaping the social structure of Viking towns by creating a distinct class of thralls who were essential for labor. This system allowed free individuals to engage in trade and craft activities while relying on slaves for manual tasks. The presence of slaves also reinforced social hierarchies, where free citizens held power over thralls, impacting both economic transactions and everyday interactions within these communities.
• In what ways did the practice of raiding contribute to the supply of slaves in Viking society?
  • Raiding was a key strategy for Vikings to acquire slaves, as successful expeditions often resulted in the capture of individuals from conquered territories. These raids not only provided material wealth but also enriched Viking society with new slaves who could be integrated into households or sold in markets. The constant cycle of raiding ensured a steady influx of thralls, making slavery an essential element for sustaining Viking economic activities and social dynamics.
• Evaluate the implications of manumission in the context of Viking slavery and how it reflects societal values regarding freedom and servitude.
  • Manumission highlighted the complexities within Viking attitudes toward slavery and freedom. It allowed some thralls to transition from servitude to freedom, reflecting a societal recognition that individuals could earn their autonomy. This practice suggests that while slavery was accepted, there were also pathways for personal agency that acknowledged the humanity of thralls. The ability to achieve manumission points to a nuanced understanding of social mobility within Viking culture and demonstrates varying levels of compassion among slave owners.

Related terms

Thralls:

Thralls were the term used specifically for slaves in Norse society, often acquired through raids or trade, and they performed various labor roles.

Raiding: Raiding was a common practice among Vikings, which often led to the capture of individuals who would then be enslaved.

Manumission: Manumission refers to the process through which a slave could be freed by their owner, which was sometimes possible in Viking society.