Declaration of Independence

Definition

The Declaration of Independence is a historic document adopted on July 4, 1776, in which the thirteen American colonies declared their freedom from British rule. It articulated the principles of individual rights and government by consent, laying the foundation for the United States' emergence as an independent nation. The declaration signified a turning point in colonial history, setting forth key ideas that would inspire future democratic movements.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Declaration was adopted by the Second Continental Congress, marking a formal break from Britain after years of increasing tension and conflict.
2. It emphasized that governments derive their just powers from the consent of the governed, underscoring the importance of popular sovereignty.
3. The document lists grievances against King George III, highlighting the colonies' justification for seeking independence.
4. The Declaration's assertion that 'all men are created equal' became a foundational principle for future civil rights movements in America.
5. July 4th is celebrated as Independence Day, commemorating the adoption of the Declaration and symbolizing American freedom.

Review Questions

• How did the Declaration of Independence reflect Enlightenment ideas about government and individual rights?
  • The Declaration of Independence was heavily influenced by Enlightenment thinkers who championed individual rights and the idea that governments should serve the people. It articulated concepts such as natural rights and government by consent, suggesting that people have the right to overthrow oppressive governments. This connection to Enlightenment philosophy highlighted a shift in political thought that encouraged individuals to question authority and advocate for democracy.
• Discuss the role of grievances listed in the Declaration of Independence and how they were used to justify independence from Britain.
  • The grievances outlined in the Declaration served as a critical justification for declaring independence from Britain. They detailed specific injustices imposed by King George III, such as taxation without representation and interference with colonial self-governance. By listing these grievances, the colonists aimed to demonstrate that their decision for independence was not arbitrary but rather a response to systematic violations of their rights, making it clear that reconciliation was no longer possible.
• Evaluate the impact of the Declaration of Independence on subsequent movements for democracy and human rights both within America and globally.
  • The Declaration of Independence had a profound impact on both American society and global democratic movements. Its assertion that 'all men are created equal' became a rallying cry for various movements advocating for civil rights, suffrage, and social justice throughout American history. Internationally, it inspired revolutions and movements in countries like France and Latin America as they sought to establish their own democratic principles based on similar ideals. This legacy continues to resonate today as societies strive for equality and justice around the world.

Related terms

Thomas Jefferson:

The principal author of the Declaration of Independence and the third president of the United States, who played a crucial role in shaping the early nation.

Natural Rights: Philosophical rights that are considered inherent and unalienable, which greatly influenced the ideas presented in the Declaration.

Continental Congress: The governing body of the American colonies during the revolution, which convened to discuss and ultimately adopt the Declaration of Independence.