Hittites

Definition

The Hittites were an ancient Anatolian civilization that emerged around the 18th century BCE and became a major power during the Late Bronze Age. Known for their advanced legal system, military prowess, and significant diplomatic relations, the Hittites played a crucial role in shaping international relations in the ancient Near East, particularly through their interactions with neighboring states such as Egypt and Babylon.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Hittite civilization reached its height during the 14th century BCE, becoming one of the dominant powers in the Near East alongside Egypt and Assyria.
2. Hittites were skilled in chariot warfare and are often credited with innovations in military technology, which helped them expand their territory.
3. Their capital city, Hattusa, was a well-planned urban center with impressive fortifications and a sophisticated administrative system.
4. The Hittites developed a unique writing system based on cuneiform and produced extensive records on laws, treaties, and diplomatic correspondence.
5. The decline of the Hittite Empire in the late 13th century BCE is attributed to a combination of internal strife, invasions by the Sea Peoples, and shifting power dynamics in the region.

Review Questions

• How did the Hittites contribute to international relations during the Late Bronze Age?
  • The Hittites played a pivotal role in international relations by establishing diplomatic ties with major powers like Egypt and Babylon. They engaged in treaties, such as the Treaty of Kadesh with Egypt, which marked a significant step towards formal diplomatic practices. Their military prowess allowed them to project influence across the region, while their legal innovations facilitated interactions with neighboring states through established norms.
• What were some key military advancements made by the Hittites that affected their power dynamics during the Late Bronze Age?
  • The Hittites are known for their advancements in chariot warfare and military organization. They utilized horse-drawn chariots equipped with composite bows, which gave them an edge over their adversaries. This technological innovation allowed them to conquer vast territories and maintain their influence over rival states. Their strategic use of fortified cities also played a critical role in defending their empire against invaders.
• Evaluate the factors that led to the decline of the Hittite Empire and how this decline impacted neighboring civilizations in the Late Bronze Age.
  • The decline of the Hittite Empire was influenced by internal strife, economic challenges, and invasions from groups such as the Sea Peoples. This weakening resulted in territorial losses and diminished political authority in Anatolia. The vacuum left by the Hittites allowed neighboring civilizations to rise or expand, leading to increased competition for resources and territory. The fragmentation of power contributed to broader changes in regional dynamics during the Late Bronze Age, setting the stage for emerging states and shifting alliances.

Related terms

Hittite Empire: The Hittite Empire was a powerful political entity centered in Anatolia, known for its conquests and influence over neighboring regions during the Late Bronze Age.

Treaty of Kadesh: The Treaty of Kadesh was one of the earliest known peace treaties, signed between the Hittite king Hattusili III and Egyptian Pharaoh Ramses II after the Battle of Kadesh around 1274 BCE.

Anatolia: Anatolia, also known as Asia Minor, is a region in modern-day Turkey that was home to several ancient civilizations, including the Hittites, who established their empire there.