Transcendentalist Thought

Definition

Transcendentalist Thought is a philosophical and literary movement that emerged in the early 19th century, emphasizing the inherent goodness of people and nature, as well as the importance of individual intuition and spirituality over established doctrine. This movement fostered a sense of self-reliance and encouraged people to look within themselves for truth, significantly influencing the development of an American culture that valued individuality, social reform, and a deeper connection to nature.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Transcendentalism arose in New England during the 1830s and 1840s, influenced by Romanticism and German philosophy.
2. The movement encouraged social reforms such as abolitionism and women's rights, aligning with its ideals of individual freedom and equality.
3. Transcendentalists believed that true understanding comes from personal experience and intuition rather than through established institutions like churches or government.
4. Nature was central to Transcendentalist thought, viewed as a source of inspiration and spiritual connection, promoting ideas of environmentalism long before it became mainstream.
5. The publication of 'The Dial,' a Transcendentalist journal, helped spread the ideas of this movement and showcased the works of its leading figures.

Review Questions

• How did Transcendentalist Thought shape American literature and culture during the 19th century?
  • Transcendentalist Thought significantly influenced American literature by promoting themes of individuality, nature, and self-exploration. Authors like Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau emphasized personal experience over traditional authority, inspiring readers to seek their own truths. This movement also shaped American culture by fostering a spirit of reform, encouraging social movements such as abolitionism and women's rights, all rooted in the belief that individuals should challenge societal norms.
• In what ways did Transcendentalists advocate for social reforms, and what impact did these reforms have on society?
  • Transcendentalists actively promoted social reforms, particularly in areas such as abolitionism and women's rights. Their philosophy emphasized equality and the inherent goodness of individuals, encouraging people to fight against injustices. The impact of these reforms was profound, as they contributed to a growing awareness of social issues in America, ultimately leading to significant changes in laws and societal attitudes regarding race and gender.
• Evaluate the long-term effects of Transcendentalist Thought on modern American values and environmental movements.
  • Transcendentalist Thought has had lasting effects on modern American values, particularly regarding individualism, self-reliance, and a connection to nature. The emphasis on personal intuition continues to resonate in contemporary discussions about spirituality and authenticity. Additionally, the Transcendentalists' appreciation for nature laid groundwork for later environmental movements, influencing current conservation efforts and a broader understanding of ecological responsibility as essential components of American identity.

Related terms

Ralph Waldo Emerson:

An American essayist and poet, Emerson is often regarded as the central figure of Transcendentalism, advocating for self-reliance and individualism.

Henry David Thoreau:

A key figure in the Transcendentalist movement known for his work 'Walden,' which reflects on simple living in natural surroundings and critiques industrial society.

Individualism:

A social theory that emphasizes the moral worth of the individual and promotes independence and self-reliance, closely aligned with Transcendentalist principles.