Thomas Paine's "Common Sense"

Definition

'Common Sense' is a pamphlet written by Thomas Paine in 1776 that argued for American independence from British rule, presenting clear and persuasive arguments for why the colonies should break free. This influential work played a critical role in shaping public opinion and mobilizing support for the revolutionary cause, emphasizing ideas of self-governance, natural rights, and the rejection of monarchy.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. 'Common Sense' was published in January 1776 and sold over 100,000 copies within a few months, making it one of the best-selling pamphlets in American history.
2. Paine's arguments were written in a straightforward style that appealed to a wide audience, helping to spread revolutionary ideas among ordinary colonists.
3. The pamphlet criticized monarchy and hereditary succession, claiming that they were unnatural and detrimental to society's progress.
4. Paine advocated for the establishment of an independent republic where power rested with the people rather than a distant king.
5. 'Common Sense' significantly influenced the Continental Congress's decision to declare independence on July 4, 1776, by swaying public opinion toward the revolutionary cause.

Review Questions

• How did Thomas Paine's 'Common Sense' influence public opinion regarding independence from Britain?
  • 'Common Sense' played a pivotal role in shaping public opinion by articulating the frustrations of colonists toward British rule in an accessible way. Paine effectively communicated the idea that independence was not only necessary but also achievable. His straightforward arguments resonated with many colonists who may not have considered revolution before reading his pamphlet, thereby galvanizing widespread support for independence.
• Discuss how Paine’s ideas in 'Common Sense' reflect Enlightenment principles and their impact on revolutionary thought.
  • 'Common Sense' embodies key Enlightenment principles such as natural rights and social contract theory. By emphasizing that governments derive their authority from the consent of the governed and that individuals possess inherent rights, Paine aligned his arguments with Enlightenment thinkers like John Locke. This alignment helped justify the revolution as not just a political act but a moral imperative, thereby influencing revolutionary thought and action in the colonies.
• Evaluate the long-term effects of 'Common Sense' on American political identity and its legacy in future democratic movements.
  • 'Common Sense' had enduring effects on American political identity by establishing foundational concepts of democracy, individual rights, and republican governance. Its call for self-determination inspired future generations fighting for civil rights and democratic reforms both in the United States and globally. The pamphlet's legacy continues to resonate as it set a precedent for political activism grounded in the belief that power should be held by the people rather than monarchs or tyrants.

Related terms

Natural Rights:

Philosophical concept that individuals are inherently entitled to certain rights such as life, liberty, and property, which governments must respect.

Social Contract:

The theory that individuals consent to form a government that protects their natural rights in exchange for some personal freedoms.

Patriotism: A sense of pride and devotion to one's country, which was crucial in rallying support for the revolutionary movement against British control.