President Harding

Definition

President Harding was the 29th President of the United States, serving from 1921 until his death in 1923. His administration is often remembered for its focus on pro-business policies, a return to normalcy after World War I, and significant domestic issues such as corruption within his cabinet. Harding's foreign policy during the interwar period emphasized disarmament and international cooperation, aiming to reduce tensions following the war.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Harding's presidency began with a strong focus on economic recovery after World War I, promoting policies that favored businesses and reducing government intervention.
2. He appointed several influential figures to his cabinet, including Andrew Mellon as Secretary of the Treasury, who pushed for tax cuts and reduced government spending.
3. The Teapot Dome Scandal, involving Secretary of the Interior Albert Fall, led to a significant loss of trust in Harding's administration and revealed deep-rooted corruption.
4. Harding's foreign policy achievements included hosting the Washington Naval Conference, which resulted in agreements limiting naval armaments among major powers.
5. Despite his initial popularity, Harding's legacy is marred by the scandals that emerged after his death, leading many historians to view his presidency critically.

Review Questions

• How did President Harding's policies reflect the desire for a return to normalcy in post-World War I America?
  • President Harding's policies were aimed at restoring stability and prosperity following the upheaval of World War I. He advocated for a 'Return to Normalcy,' which meant reducing government involvement in the economy and promoting business growth. This approach was characterized by tax cuts and deregulation, reflecting a desire among Americans for pre-war conditions of economic stability and social order.
• Discuss the impact of the Teapot Dome Scandal on President Harding's administration and its legacy.
  • The Teapot Dome Scandal had a profound impact on President Harding's administration, exposing significant corruption within his cabinet. It involved secret deals over federal oil reserves that undermined public trust in the government. Although Harding himself was not directly implicated, the scandal overshadowed his presidency and contributed to a negative legacy that associates his administration with political corruption and incompetence.
• Evaluate how President Harding's foreign policy initiatives during his term influenced international relations in the interwar period.
  • President Harding's foreign policy initiatives, particularly the Washington Naval Conference, played a key role in shaping international relations during the interwar period. By promoting disarmament and collaboration among major naval powers, Harding aimed to reduce tensions and prevent an arms race after World War I. His efforts represented a shift towards multilateral diplomacy and laid the groundwork for future international agreements, even as they struggled against rising nationalist sentiments in the 1930s.

Related terms

Return to Normalcy:

A campaign promise made by Harding to restore the pre-World War I status quo in America, focusing on stability and economic growth.

Teapot Dome Scandal:

A major political scandal during Harding's presidency involving the secret leasing of federal oil reserves, highlighting issues of corruption in his administration.

Washington Naval Conference:

A conference held in 1921-1922 where major naval powers gathered to discuss naval disarmament and prevent an arms race, reflecting Harding's commitment to international diplomacy.