Nineteenth Century

Definition

The Nineteenth Century refers to the period from 1801 to 1900, marked by significant political, social, and economic changes in the United States and the world. This era witnessed the rise of industrialization, expansionist policies, and movements for social reform, which shaped America's role on the global stage and influenced its interactions with other nations.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Nineteenth Century saw the emergence of the United States as an industrial power, particularly after the Civil War, as factories and urban centers rapidly developed.
2. Westward expansion was fueled by the belief in Manifest Destiny, which justified the annexation of territories such as Texas and Oregon.
3. The abolitionist movement gained momentum during this century, advocating for the end of slavery and influencing social reforms.
4. Immigration surged in the Nineteenth Century, with millions coming from Europe seeking better opportunities, leading to both cultural enrichment and tensions over nativism.
5. The century ended with significant conflicts such as the Spanish-American War, reflecting America's growing imperial ambitions.

Review Questions

• How did Manifest Destiny shape American policies and actions during the Nineteenth Century?
  • Manifest Destiny played a crucial role in shaping American policies by promoting the idea that it was America's divine right to expand its territory across North America. This belief justified actions such as the annexation of Texas and the forced removal of Native American tribes from their lands through policies like the Indian Removal Act. It also fueled conflicts with Mexico, leading to the Mexican-American War and further territorial expansion.
• Evaluate how industrialization in the Nineteenth Century impacted social structures in America.
  • Industrialization transformed social structures in America by creating a distinct class of urban workers and expanding the middle class. As factories grew in number and size, more people moved from rural areas to cities in search of jobs. This shift led to new social challenges such as poor working conditions, child labor, and increased demands for labor rights. The rise of labor unions emerged as workers sought better wages and conditions, fundamentally changing societal dynamics.
• Analyze the consequences of increased immigration on American society in the Nineteenth Century, considering both positive and negative aspects.
  • Increased immigration during the Nineteenth Century had profound consequences on American society. On one hand, immigrants contributed significantly to economic growth by providing labor for factories and infrastructure projects, enriching American culture with diverse traditions and perspectives. On the other hand, this influx led to tensions between native-born citizens and immigrants, resulting in nativist sentiments that culminated in policies aimed at restricting immigrant rights. The resulting social divisions highlighted challenges in integrating diverse populations into a cohesive national identity.

Related terms

Manifest Destiny:

The belief that the expansion of the US throughout the American continents was both justified and inevitable, driving westward expansion during the Nineteenth Century.

Industrial Revolution:

A period of major industrialization that began in the late 18th century and continued into the Nineteenth Century, leading to profound changes in economy, society, and technology.

Nativism:

A political policy favoring the interests of established inhabitants over those of immigrants, which gained prominence in response to increased immigration during the Nineteenth Century.