Late Eighteenth Century

Definition

The Late Eighteenth Century refers to the period from roughly the 1770s to the early 1800s, characterized by significant political, social, and economic changes, particularly in the context of revolutions and the emergence of new political ideologies. This era witnessed the American Revolution, the rise of Enlightenment ideas, and growing tensions between colonial powers and their territories, influencing concepts like representation and governance.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Late Eighteenth Century is marked by the significant impact of Enlightenment thinkers like John Locke, who influenced revolutionary ideas about government and individual rights.
2. The American Revolution was fueled by colonial dissatisfaction with British taxation policies and a desire for greater autonomy, exemplifying the phrase 'taxation without representation.'
3. This period also saw the rise of republicanism as an alternative to monarchy, as revolutionaries sought to establish governments based on popular sovereignty.
4. The ideas and outcomes of the Late Eighteenth Century inspired subsequent revolutions around the world, including the French Revolution and Latin American wars of independence.
5. The social fabric of societies began to change during this period, as class structures were challenged and more people demanded participation in governance and societal reform.

Review Questions

• How did Enlightenment ideas influence political thought and revolutionary movements during the Late Eighteenth Century?
  • Enlightenment ideas significantly shaped political thought in the Late Eighteenth Century by promoting concepts such as individual rights, government accountability, and democracy. Thinkers like John Locke argued for natural rights and social contracts, which inspired revolutionary movements, especially in America. These philosophies laid the groundwork for questioning traditional authority and advocating for a government based on the will of the people.
• Analyze the role of taxation policies in fueling discontent among American colonists during the Late Eighteenth Century.
  • Taxation policies imposed by Britain, such as the Stamp Act and Townshend Acts, directly contributed to growing discontent among American colonists. The lack of representation in Parliament led to protests and cries of 'no taxation without representation,' as colonists felt unjustly treated. This unrest was pivotal in rallying support for independence and ultimately sparked the American Revolution.
• Evaluate the long-term impacts of revolutions occurring in the Late Eighteenth Century on global political systems.
  • The revolutions of the Late Eighteenth Century had profound long-term impacts on global political systems by introducing principles of democracy, republicanism, and nationalism. The American Revolution set a precedent for self-governance, inspiring other movements worldwide. Meanwhile, concepts rooted in Enlightenment thought led to significant political changes in Europe and Latin America, challenging monarchies and contributing to a wave of revolutions that sought to redefine governance based on popular sovereignty.

Related terms

Enlightenment:

A philosophical movement emphasizing reason, individualism, and skepticism of traditional authority, significantly impacting political thought in the late 18th century.

American Revolution:

A colonial revolt against British rule that lasted from 1775 to 1783, resulting in the independence of the thirteen American colonies and the establishment of a new nation.

Social Contract:

A theory proposed by philosophers like John Locke and Rousseau, suggesting that governments derive their authority from the consent of the governed.