Jackson's presidency

Definition

Jackson's presidency refers to the time Andrew Jackson served as the seventh President of the United States from 1829 to 1837, marking a significant shift in American politics towards greater democracy and the empowerment of the common man. His administration was characterized by a strong executive branch, a populist approach, and controversial policies such as the Indian Removal Act and opposition to the national bank, all of which had lasting impacts on federal power and American society.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Jackson's presidency is often seen as the rise of the 'common man' in politics, as he expanded suffrage and encouraged more people to participate in democracy.
2. His opposition to the Second Bank of the United States led him to withdraw federal funds, which contributed to financial instability and eventually resulted in a recession.
3. Jackson was a strong advocate for westward expansion, believing it was America's destiny to expand its territory, which led to significant policies affecting Native American lands.
4. The Indian Removal Act of 1830 authorized Jackson to negotiate treaties that would force Native Americans to relocate west of the Mississippi River, resulting in widespread suffering.
5. The Nullification Crisis demonstrated Jackson's willingness to use federal power to enforce laws, leading him to confront South Carolina when they attempted to nullify federal tariffs.

Review Questions

• How did Jackson's presidency change the role of the executive branch in American government?
  • Jackson's presidency significantly increased the power of the executive branch by asserting presidential authority over Congress and challenging established institutions. He believed in a strong presidency that represented the will of the people, using his veto power more than any previous president. This approach not only reshaped the balance of power between branches of government but also set a precedent for future presidents regarding the use of executive power.
• Discuss the implications of Jackson's Indian Removal Act on federal power and Native American communities during his presidency.
  • The Indian Removal Act had profound implications for both federal power and Native American communities. By prioritizing land acquisition for American settlers over the rights of Native Americans, Jackson expanded federal authority in matters of territorial governance. This act led to devastating consequences for Native American tribes, including forced migration and loss of their ancestral lands, demonstrating how federal power could be wielded at the expense of marginalized groups.
• Evaluate how Jackson's use of the spoils system reflected his views on democracy and its impact on governance during his presidency.
  • Jackson's implementation of the spoils system reflected his belief in democratic principles by promoting political participation among his supporters. He argued that rotating officeholders would prevent corruption and ensure accountability. However, this practice often led to inefficiency and cronyism within government agencies, highlighting a tension between democratic ideals and effective governance. The long-term impact has been a mixed legacy, as it paved the way for both increased political engagement and questions about administrative competence.

Related terms

Trail of Tears:

The forced relocation of Native American nations from their ancestral homelands in the Southeastern United States to designated Indian Territory, resulting in the death and suffering of thousands.

Spoils System:

A practice initiated by Jackson where government jobs were given to political supporters, often leading to corruption and inefficiency within the federal government.

Nullification Crisis:

A confrontation between South Carolina and the federal government during Jackson's presidency over the state's attempt to nullify federal tariffs, which highlighted tensions between state and federal authority.