Calvinist beliefs

Definition

Calvinist beliefs are theological doctrines that stem from the teachings of John Calvin, emphasizing the sovereignty of God, the authority of Scripture, and the concept of predestination. These beliefs shaped the identity of various Protestant groups and influenced social, political, and cultural dynamics, particularly in relation to interactions with Native Americans during European colonization.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Calvinist beliefs promoted a strong sense of community and moral responsibility, influencing how settlers interacted with Native Americans as they viewed their mission as divinely ordained.
2. The emphasis on individual reading of Scripture led many Calvinists to engage in dialogues with Native Americans, though often with the intent to convert them to Christianity.
3. Calvinists believed that their success in settling and converting new lands was a sign of God's favor, which fueled expansionist attitudes toward Native American lands.
4. The doctrine of predestination fostered a belief among Calvinists that their actions were guided by divine purpose, which sometimes justified the subjugation of Native American peoples.
5. Calvinism's influence on American culture helped shape concepts of hard work and personal responsibility, leading to complex relationships with Native Americans in terms of trade and land use.

Review Questions

• How did Calvinist beliefs influence the social interactions between European settlers and Native Americans?
  • Calvinist beliefs emphasized moral responsibility and community engagement, leading settlers to see themselves as bearers of divine truth. This often translated into a dual approach: while some sought genuine dialogue and conversion opportunities with Native Americans, others viewed their presence as a means to expand God's kingdom. Ultimately, these beliefs created a complex dynamic where interactions could range from cooperation to conflict based on the settlers' interpretation of their religious duties.
• In what ways did the concept of predestination affect the attitudes of Calvinist settlers toward Native Americans?
  • The concept of predestination instilled in Calvinist settlers a belief that their own success and survival were predetermined by God. As a result, they often viewed their ability to conquer or convert Native Americans as evidence of divine favor. This perspective sometimes led to a justification for aggressive expansion into Native American territories, as they believed they were fulfilling God's will in spreading Christianity and civilization.
• Evaluate the long-term effects of Calvinist beliefs on American society and its treatment of Indigenous peoples.
  • Calvinist beliefs had lasting effects on American society, particularly in shaping views about morality, work ethic, and governance. The belief in hard work as a form of piety contributed to capitalist ideals that would further marginalize Indigenous communities. Moreover, the interpretation of divine favor through successful colonization led to systemic injustices against Native Americans, as their lands were seen as available for settlement. The historical legacy of these beliefs continues to impact discussions about justice and reconciliation with Indigenous peoples today.

Related terms

Predestination:

The doctrine that God has eternally chosen those whom he intends to save, which is central to Calvinist theology.

Sovereignty of God: The belief that God is the ultimate authority over all aspects of life and history, a key principle in Calvinist thought.

Puritans:

A group of English Protestants who sought to purify the Church of England and were heavily influenced by Calvinist beliefs, leading to their migration to America.