Battle of Yorktown

Definition

The Battle of Yorktown, fought from September 28 to October 19, 1781, was the last major battle of the American Revolutionary War. This pivotal conflict saw American and French forces, under General George Washington and French General Rochambeau, lay siege to British General Cornwallis’s troops, leading to the surrender of the British forces. The victory at Yorktown effectively ended major military operations in the colonies and paved the way for peace negotiations.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Battle of Yorktown marked a decisive victory for the American forces and is often considered the turning point that led to American independence.
2. The French alliance played a crucial role in the victory at Yorktown, as French naval support blocked British reinforcements from reaching Cornwallis.
3. Cornwallis's decision to fortify his position at Yorktown ultimately trapped his army, as they were surrounded by both land and sea.
4. The surrender of British forces at Yorktown demonstrated the effectiveness of combined military strategies between American and French troops.
5. Following the battle, negotiations for peace began, culminating in the signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1783, which recognized the United States as an independent nation.

Review Questions

• How did the collaboration between American and French forces contribute to the outcome of the Battle of Yorktown?
  • The collaboration between American and French forces was vital to the success at Yorktown. General George Washington led the Continental Army while coordinating efforts with French General Rochambeau, who brought additional troops and artillery. Their combined strategies effectively surrounded British General Cornwallis’s forces, preventing any escape or reinforcement. This unity showcased how international alliances could significantly impact military outcomes during the Revolutionary War.
• Analyze how the outcome of the Battle of Yorktown influenced subsequent peace negotiations between Great Britain and American representatives.
  • The outcome of the Battle of Yorktown had a profound influence on peace negotiations between Great Britain and American representatives. The decisive defeat of British forces undermined Britain's resolve to continue fighting, leading them to reconsider their position in negotiations. The surrender at Yorktown not only demonstrated American resilience but also highlighted the importance of French support, creating a sense of urgency among British leaders to seek a diplomatic solution. This ultimately culminated in the Treaty of Paris, recognizing American independence.
• Evaluate the significance of the Battle of Yorktown within the broader context of revolutionary movements globally in the late 18th century.
  • The significance of the Battle of Yorktown extends beyond just an American victory; it served as a symbol for revolutionary movements around the world in the late 18th century. The successful alliance between America and France inspired other nations seeking independence or reform, demonstrating that a united front could achieve success against colonial powers. The victory also motivated revolutionary sentiments in places like France, leading up to their own revolution in 1789. Thus, Yorktown became a beacon for liberty and change across nations grappling with oppression.

Related terms

George Washington:

The commander-in-chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War and later the first President of the United States.

Treaty of Paris 1783:

The agreement that officially ended the American Revolutionary War, recognizing American independence and establishing borders for the new nation.

Siege Warfare: A military tactic involving surrounding a fortified position to cut off supplies and reinforcements, forcing the defenders to surrender.