Natural Resources

Definition

Natural resources are materials and components that can be found in the natural environment and are utilized for economic gain. These resources include minerals, forests, water, and fossil fuels, all of which played a critical role during periods of economic expansion and industrialization. Access to abundant natural resources often influenced the patterns of imperialism and shaped the development of industries, contributing to economic growth and global trade dynamics.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Natural resources were a major driving force behind European imperialism in the 19th century, as nations sought to acquire territories rich in valuable materials.
2. The Industrial Revolution significantly increased the demand for natural resources, leading to rapid industrial growth and urbanization as factories required raw materials like coal and iron.
3. Countries rich in natural resources often experienced accelerated economic development, while those lacking these resources faced challenges in competing in a global market.
4. Resource extraction frequently led to environmental degradation, as forests were cleared and lands were mined, raising concerns about sustainability.
5. The competition for access to natural resources contributed to geopolitical tensions and conflicts among nations, as they sought to secure essential materials for their industries.

Review Questions

• How did access to natural resources influence patterns of imperialism during the 19th century?
  • Access to natural resources was crucial for imperial powers looking to expand their territories during the 19th century. European nations sought colonies rich in raw materials like rubber, oil, and minerals to fuel their growing industries back home. This competition led to aggressive territorial acquisition and colonization efforts in Africa and Asia, as powers aimed to secure economic advantages through resource exploitation.
• Evaluate the impact of industrialization on the consumption and exploitation of natural resources.
  • Industrialization drastically increased the demand for natural resources as factories required immense amounts of raw materials for production. This led to more intensive extraction practices, often at the expense of local environments and communities. The reliance on coal and other fossil fuels not only powered machinery but also contributed significantly to environmental pollution and climate change, highlighting a complex relationship between industrial growth and resource sustainability.
• Assess the long-term economic effects of reliance on natural resources in both industrialized and non-industrialized nations.
  • Reliance on natural resources can lead to significant economic benefits for industrialized nations by providing cheap inputs for manufacturing. However, this dependency can also create vulnerabilities, such as fluctuating market prices or depletion of resources. Non-industrialized nations that rely heavily on resource extraction often face challenges such as economic instability or lack of diversification in their economies. Ultimately, while natural resources can drive growth, they can also hinder sustainable development if not managed responsibly.

Related terms

Colonialism:

A practice where a country establishes control over a foreign territory, often exploiting its natural resources and local populations for economic benefit.

Industrialization:

The process by which economies transform from primarily agricultural to manufacturing-based, driven by technological advancements and the increased utilization of natural resources.

Fossil Fuels:

Natural substances such as coal, oil, and natural gas that formed from ancient organic materials and are key energy sources that fueled industrial growth.