Military coups

Definition

Military coups are sudden, unlawful seizures of power from a government, typically executed by a group of military leaders. These events often occur in newly independent states where political instability, corruption, or civil unrest can create an environment conducive to military intervention. Coups can lead to changes in leadership, governance structures, and even national policies, profoundly impacting the development and stability of these nations.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Many military coups occurred in newly independent states after 1900 as political leaders struggled to establish stable governance amid post-colonial challenges.
2. Coups can be driven by various factors, including economic crisis, ethnic tensions, and dissatisfaction with civilian governments.
3. In some cases, military leaders present themselves as saviors of the nation, claiming to restore order and improve governance following political chaos.
4. Military coups can lead to prolonged periods of authoritarian rule, undermining democratic institutions and civil liberties.
5. The international response to military coups varies widely, with some countries facing sanctions while others receive support or recognition from foreign powers.

Review Questions

• How do military coups reflect the challenges faced by newly independent states after 1900?
  • Military coups in newly independent states often stem from the struggles these nations face in establishing stable governments. Factors such as economic instability, ethnic conflict, and ineffective leadership create environments ripe for military intervention. When civilian authorities fail to address the needs of the population or manage crises effectively, military leaders may exploit these vulnerabilities to justify their takeover and claim they can restore order.
• Discuss the potential consequences of military coups on democratic institutions in newly independent states.
  • Military coups frequently result in the dismantling of democratic institutions and the establishment of authoritarian regimes. After a coup, military leaders may impose restrictions on political activities, limit freedom of speech, and suppress dissent. This often leads to a cycle of instability where civilian governments are unable to regain power, further entrenching military control and hindering democratic development for years to come.
• Evaluate the role of international relations in shaping responses to military coups in newly independent states.
  • International relations play a significant role in how military coups are received globally. Some countries might face sanctions or diplomatic isolation following a coup, particularly if they violate human rights or democratic norms. Conversely, other nations may find support from allies who share similar interests or ideologies. This complex interplay affects the legitimacy of military regimes and can influence their longevity or the possibility of restoring civilian rule.

Related terms

Authoritarianism: A political system characterized by the concentration of power in a single authority or a small group, often leading to limited political freedoms and civil rights.

Insurgency: An armed rebellion against an established authority or government, often aiming to achieve political goals through guerrilla warfare and other tactics.

Political instability: A situation where there is significant uncertainty or disruption in a country's political system, often leading to frequent changes in leadership or policies.