International migration

Definition

International migration refers to the movement of people across national borders, often driven by various economic, social, political, and environmental factors. This phenomenon gained significant momentum between 1750 and 1900, as advancements in transportation and communication made it easier for individuals to relocate to different parts of the world in search of better opportunities, safety, and improved living conditions.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Between 1750 and 1900, significant international migration occurred due to the Industrial Revolution, which created a demand for labor in urban areas and colonies.
2. Economic opportunities, such as the prospect of jobs and better wages, were major driving factors for many migrants during this period.
3. Political unrest and persecution in various regions led to increased numbers of refugees fleeing their countries for safety and stability elsewhere.
4. The establishment of colonial empires facilitated migration as people moved for work in colonial administrations or to settle new lands.
5. Technological advancements in transportation, such as steamships and railroads, made international migration more accessible and less time-consuming.

Review Questions

• What were some key economic factors that drove international migration from 1750 to 1900?
  • Key economic factors driving international migration during this period included the rapid industrialization that created a demand for labor in factories and urban centers. Many individuals sought better job opportunities and higher wages than those available in their home countries. Additionally, agricultural changes led to rural depopulation as people moved to cities or abroad for employment in growing industries.
• Analyze how colonialism influenced patterns of international migration during the 19th century.
  • Colonialism significantly influenced international migration patterns by creating new territories where migrants could seek opportunities. Colonizers often moved to manage and exploit resources in colonies, while indigenous populations experienced displacement. The establishment of railroads and shipping routes allowed easier movement of people between colonized regions and their parent countries, facilitating both voluntary and forced migrations.
• Evaluate the impact of international migration on both sending and receiving countries during this time period.
  • International migration had profound impacts on both sending and receiving countries. Sending countries often experienced a loss of population and labor, which could hinder economic growth and development but also led to remittances sent back home by migrants. Receiving countries benefited from an influx of labor that fueled industrial growth but also faced challenges related to integrating diverse cultures and addressing social tensions arising from increased competition for jobs and resources.

Related terms

Urbanization:

The process by which an increasing percentage of a population comes to live in urban areas, often driven by migration from rural regions.

Colonialism:

A policy or practice where a country establishes control over foreign territories and peoples, often leading to significant movements of populations.

Refugees: Individuals who are forced to flee their home country due to persecution, war, or violence, often seeking asylum in another nation.