Hindus

Definition

Hindus are followers of Hinduism, one of the world's oldest religions, which originated in the Indian subcontinent. This belief system encompasses a variety of philosophies, rituals, and cultural practices, often emphasizing concepts such as dharma (duty), karma (action and consequence), and moksha (liberation). In the context of decolonization after 1900, the role of Hindus in the independence movement, particularly in India, showcases how religious identity intersected with national identity during a time of significant political change.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Hinduism is not just a religion but a way of life for many Hindus, encompassing philosophy, culture, and social practices.
2. The Indian National Congress, founded in 1885, became a central platform for Hindus advocating for independence from British colonial rule.
3. Mahatma Gandhi's approach to nonviolent resistance was deeply influenced by Hindu teachings and significantly shaped the Indian independence movement.
4. During the process of decolonization, Hindu identity was often tied to nationalism, leading to both unity and conflict among different religious communities in India.
5. Post-independence, the role of Hindus in shaping India's secular government has been a point of discussion and sometimes contention within the diverse society.

Review Questions

• How did Hindu beliefs and practices influence the Indian independence movement?
  • Hindu beliefs and practices significantly influenced the Indian independence movement by providing ethical and moral frameworks for activists. Mahatma Gandhi utilized principles like ahimsa (nonviolence) and satyagraha (truth-force) derived from Hindu philosophy to mobilize mass protests against British rule. These ideas resonated widely among Hindus and others in India, fostering unity and determination to achieve self-rule.
• Discuss the role of prominent Hindu leaders in shaping India's struggle for independence from British colonialism.
  • Prominent Hindu leaders such as Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel played pivotal roles in shaping India's struggle for independence. They were instrumental in forming the Indian National Congress into a powerful political force that united various factions against British rule. Their leadership combined Hindu cultural identity with nationalistic fervor, making their ideologies integral to the fight for freedom.
• Evaluate the impact of decolonization on Hindu identity and politics in post-independence India.
  • The process of decolonization had a profound impact on Hindu identity and politics in post-independence India. As India gained freedom from British rule, there was a resurgence of Hindu nationalism that sought to redefine the nation's identity in terms of its ancient cultural heritage. This led to both the promotion of a secular state based on pluralism and tensions between different religious communities, as some groups emphasized Hindu identity over India's diverse cultural tapestry. The ongoing dialogue about secularism versus religious nationalism remains relevant in contemporary Indian politics.

Related terms

Hinduism:

A major world religion that includes a diverse range of beliefs and practices, characterized by concepts such as karma, dharma, and the cycle of rebirth.

Indian National Congress:

A political party in India that played a crucial role in the country's struggle for independence from British rule, with significant participation from Hindu leaders and activists.

Gandhi:

Mahatma Gandhi was a key leader in the Indian independence movement who advocated for nonviolent resistance and drew on Hindu principles to mobilize people against colonial rule.