Hawaii

Definition

Hawaii is an archipelago located in the central Pacific Ocean, known for its rich cultural heritage and strategic significance. In the late 19th century, Hawaii became a focal point for American imperialism, driven by economic interests in sugar production and geopolitical considerations during the age of expansion. The annexation of Hawaii in 1898 exemplified the broader trends of imperialism, as the United States sought to extend its influence across the Pacific.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Hawaii was initially an independent kingdom until the late 19th century when American interests began to dominate its economy.
2. The strategic location of Hawaii made it a key military outpost for the United States, particularly during World War II.
3. The Bayonet Constitution of 1887 significantly reduced the power of the Hawaiian monarchy and increased the influence of American sugar planters.
4. Hawaii was annexed by the United States in 1898 through the Newlands Resolution, which was controversial and opposed by many native Hawaiians.
5. Statehood for Hawaii was finally achieved in 1959, making it the 50th state of the United States.

Review Questions

• How did economic interests in Hawaii drive American imperialism during the late 19th century?
  • Economic interests, particularly in sugar production, were a major driving force behind American imperialism in Hawaii. American planters invested heavily in sugar plantations, leading to a dependence on exports to U.S. markets. This economic influence paved the way for political changes, including the overthrow of Queen Liliʻuokalani and eventual annexation. The desire for control over such a lucrative resource fueled U.S. ambitions in Hawaii and showcased how economic motivations shaped imperial actions.
• Evaluate the impact of the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy on U.S.-Hawaiian relations and imperialism.
  • The overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy in 1893 was a turning point that significantly altered U.S.-Hawaiian relations. It marked the end of a sovereign government and led to Hawaii's annexation by the United States in 1898. This act not only reflected imperialist ambitions but also had lasting effects on Hawaiian identity and culture. The coup was largely supported by American business interests, showing how local political dynamics were influenced by foreign intervention driven by economic goals.
• Analyze how Hawaii's strategic location influenced its role in American expansionism and military strategy.
  • Hawaii's strategic location in the central Pacific made it an essential hub for American expansionism and military strategy. Its position allowed for easier access to Asian markets and served as a critical refueling station for naval operations. This geographic advantage became increasingly significant during conflicts such as World War II, when Hawaii's Pearl Harbor became a central military base. The combination of its economic potential and strategic importance exemplified how geography played a crucial role in U.S. imperialist policies and military planning.

Related terms

Manifest Destiny: The 19th-century doctrine that the expansion of the United States throughout the American continents was both justified and inevitable.

Sugar Plantation Economy: The economic system in Hawaii that relied heavily on sugar production, leading to increased American investment and influence in the islands.

Overthrow of the Hawaiian Monarchy: The 1893 coup d'état that led to the deposition of Queen Liliʻuokalani and marked a pivotal moment in Hawaii's transition from a sovereign kingdom to a U.S. territory.