The representativeness heuristic is a mental shortcut used when making judgments about the probability of an event under uncertainty. It operates under the belief that if something resembles (is representative) of a category then it probably belongs in that category.
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Base Rate Fallacy: This is when we ignore statistical information in favor of using irrelevant information, that one incorrectly believes to be relevant, to make a judgment.
A widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing.
Gambler’s Fallacy: The mistaken belief that if something happens more frequently than normal during some period, then it will happen less frequently in the future (or vice versa).