Proxemics: The study of personal space and how it affects communication. For example, standing too close or far away from someone can convey different meanings.
Kinesics: The study of body movements and their role in communication. This includes gestures, facial expressions, and posture.
Paralanguage: The vocal aspects of non-verbal communication such as tone of voice, pitch, volume, and speech rate. These elements can greatly influence the meaning behind spoken words.