Non-kin members refer to individuals who are not biologically related or part of the same family. It includes people outside of one's immediate relatives, such as friends, acquaintances, and strangers.
Altruism is selfless behavior that benefits others without any expectation of personal gain.
Reciprocal altruism: Reciprocal altruism refers to helping others with the expectation that they will help us in return.
Inclusive fitness theory: Inclusive fitness theory suggests that individuals may act altruistically towards non-kin members if it increases their own genetic fitness or reproductive success.