Longitudinal studies are research methods that involve repeated observations of the same variables (e.g., people) over long periods of time, often many decades.
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Cohort Effect: This refers to variations in characteristics, experiences, or behaviors depending on individuals' specific age groups within the context of a longitudinal study.
Panel Study: A type of longitudinal study where data is collected from the same individuals at several points in time.
Trend Study: A particular type of longitudinal study where different samples from the same population are studied at different points in time.