Cooperation: Cooperation is when individuals work together towards a common goal, sharing resources and helping each other. In contrast to competition, cooperation promotes positive relationships and reduces conflict.
Social identity theory: Social identity theory suggests that people's self-esteem is partly based on their identification with certain social groups. This theory explains how competition between different groups can contribute to prejudice and discrimination.
Zero-sum game: In a zero-sum game, the total gains or losses are balanced, meaning that any benefit obtained by one individual or group comes at the expense of another. Competition often resembles a zero-sum game because there are winners and losers based on limited resources.