Snell's Law:This law describes how light bends when it passes from one medium to another, based on their respective indices of refraction.
Total Internal Reflection: This phenomenon occurs when light traveling in a high-index medium encounters an interface with a lower-index medium at an angle greater than the critical angle, causing all the light to reflect back into the higher-index medium.
Dispersion: Dispersion refers to the separation of white light into its component colors (rainbow) when passing through a prism or other transparent materials due to differences in refractive indices for different wavelengths.