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A mass-spring oscillator is a system consisting of a mass attached to a spring. It undergoes harmonic motion back and forth due to the elastic restoring force exerted by the spring.
The maximum displacement from equilibrium during one complete cycle of oscillation.
The number of complete cycles or oscillations per unit time (usually measured in hertz).
Damping: The gradual decrease in amplitude over time due to energy loss through friction or other resistive forces.