The Joule is a unit used for measuring energy, work, or heat. It represents the amount of energy transferred when a force of one Newton acts on an object and moves it one meter in the direction of that force.
Potential energy refers to stored energy possessed by an object due to its position or condition. It can be gravitational potential energy (based on height) or elastic potential energy (due to deformation).
Conservation of Energy states that within an isolated system, total energy remains constant over time; it can only change form from one type (e.g., kinetic) to another (e.g., potential), but cannot be created or destroyed.