Protons:Protons are positively charged particles found in the nucleus of an atom. They determine atomic number and contribute to overall mass.
Neutrons:Neutrons are neutral particles found in the nucleus of an atom. They contribute to the overall mass of an atom without affecting its charge.
Valence Electrons: Valence electrons are the outermost electrons in an atom's electron cloud. They play a crucial role in determining an element's reactivity and ability to form chemical bonds.