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key term - Coulomb's Law

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Definition

Coulomb's Law states that the force between two charged objects is directly proportional to their charges and inversely proportional to the square of their distance apart.

Key Equations

[ F = k \frac{{|q_1q_2|}}{{r^2}} ]

  • (F) is the force between charges,
  • (q_1) and (q_2) are the magnitudes of the charges,
  • (r) is the distance between the centers of the two charges,
  • (k) is Coulomb's constant ((8.987 \times 10^9 , \text{Nm}^2/\text{C}^2)).

Problem Solving Tips

  • Always express charges in Coulombs and distances in meters to maintain consistency with the unit system.
  • Remember that forces are vectors. When multiple charges are involved, vector addition may be needed to find the net force.
  • Pay attention to the signs of the charges; like charges repel, and unlike charges attract.

Relevant Experiments

  • Measuring the force between charged objects at varying distances gives empirical evidence supporting (F \propto 1/r^2).
  • Using charge sensors and force meters, one can quantify the relationship between charge magnitude, distance, and force, confirming Coulomb's Law.
  • Experiments using a torsion balance are classic methods to demonstrate Coulomb’s Law, similar to how Coulomb originally explored the law.