President Andrew Jackson

Definition

President Andrew Jackson was the seventh President of the United States, serving from 1829 to 1837, and is known for his influence on the development of American politics and the expansion of executive power. He was a polarizing figure, promoting the idea of a strong presidency and often clashing with established institutions, particularly during his controversial policies such as the Indian Removal Act and the dismantling of the Second Bank of the United States.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Andrew Jackson was the first president to be elected from outside the original thirteen colonies, representing Tennessee.
2. His presidency marked a shift towards greater participation of the common man in politics, as seen through expanded voting rights for white males.
3. Jackson's use of veto power was unprecedented; he vetoed more bills than all previous presidents combined at that time.
4. The Indian Removal Act of 1830 was a key policy of Jackson's administration that led to the forced migration of thousands of Native Americans.
5. His strong opposition to the Second Bank of the United States led to its eventual dissolution and significant changes in American banking practices.

Review Questions

• How did Andrew Jackson's presidency change the role of the executive branch in American government?
  • Andrew Jackson's presidency significantly expanded the power and role of the executive branch. He viewed the presidency as a direct representative of the people, using his veto power extensively to shape legislation and directly confront Congress. This set a precedent for future presidents to take a more active and assertive role in governance, influencing how executive authority was exercised in American politics.
• Evaluate the impact of Andrew Jackson's policies on Native Americans during his presidency, particularly focusing on the Indian Removal Act.
  • The Indian Removal Act had devastating effects on Native American communities, leading to forced migrations characterized by suffering and high mortality rates, known as the Trail of Tears. Jackson justified these actions under the guise of progress and civilization but faced significant opposition from various groups. The policies not only stripped Native Americans of their ancestral lands but also marked a significant shift in U.S. policy toward indigenous populations, prioritizing expansion over rights.
• Analyze how Andrew Jackson's implementation of the Spoils System affected political practices in the United States and its long-term implications.
  • Andrew Jackson's implementation of the Spoils System fundamentally altered political practices by establishing a precedent for rewarding political supporters with government positions. While it democratized access to political appointments and reduced elite control, it also led to inefficiencies and corruption within government. The long-term implications included a growing patronage system that would influence American politics well into the future, raising concerns about accountability and competency in public service.

Related terms

Jacksonian Democracy: A political movement led by Andrew Jackson that championed greater democracy for the common man, promoting populist ideas and expanding suffrage to all white male citizens.

Spoils System:

A practice initiated by Jackson where political supporters were rewarded with government jobs, reflecting his belief in rotation in office and reducing entrenched political elites.

Trail of Tears: The forced relocation of Native American tribes from their ancestral lands in the Southeastern United States to designated Indian Territory, resulting in significant suffering and death among the displaced populations.