Franklin D. Roosevelt

Definition

Franklin D. Roosevelt, often referred to as FDR, was the 32nd President of the United States, serving from 1933 until his death in 1945. He is known for his leadership during the Great Depression and World War II, significantly expanding the powers of the presidency and transforming American government through his New Deal policies.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Roosevelt was elected to four terms, making him the only U.S. president to serve more than two terms before the 22nd Amendment limited presidential terms.
2. His New Deal included major legislation such as the Social Security Act and the Securities Exchange Act, reshaping the role of government in economic welfare.
3. Roosevelt's response to the Great Depression increased public expectations for government intervention in economic matters.
4. During World War II, he played a crucial role in shaping allied strategy and was a key figure in establishing international organizations like the United Nations.
5. FDR's presidency marked a significant shift in American political ideology, moving toward a more active role for government in regulating the economy and addressing social issues.

Review Questions

• How did Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal policies contribute to the expansion of presidential power during his administration?
  • Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal policies significantly expanded presidential power by allowing him to implement sweeping economic reforms through executive orders and federal programs without prior congressional approval. His ability to address the economic crisis directly contributed to a broader interpretation of presidential authority, establishing precedents for future presidents to utilize executive power in response to national emergencies.
• In what ways did American attitudes about government and politics change during Roosevelt's presidency, particularly in response to his policies?
  • During Roosevelt's presidency, American attitudes about government shifted significantly, with many citizens coming to expect a more active role for government in economic management and social welfare. The success of New Deal programs fostered a sense of reliance on government intervention to solve societal issues. This change laid the groundwork for future debates about government responsibility in economic crises and social justice.
• Evaluate how FDR’s leadership style and ideology influenced policy-making during his presidency and how this has affected modern political discourse.
  • FDR’s leadership style was characterized by direct communication with the public through his Fireside Chats and decisive action in times of crisis. His ideology favored strong government intervention, which influenced policy-making by establishing frameworks for welfare programs and regulatory measures that persist today. This approach has had lasting effects on modern political discourse by creating a foundational belief that government should play a crucial role in managing economic stability and social equity, fostering ongoing debates about the balance between government action and individual liberty.

Related terms

New Deal:

A series of programs and reforms implemented by Franklin D. Roosevelt aimed at providing relief for the unemployed, recovery of the economy, and reform of the financial system.

Executive Order:

A directive issued by the President of the United States to manage the operations of the federal government, often used by Roosevelt to bypass Congress in enacting policy.

Fireside Chats:

A series of radio addresses given by Franklin D. Roosevelt to communicate directly with the American public, helping to build trust and support for his policies during difficult times.