Portugal

Definition

Portugal is a country located on the Iberian Peninsula, known for its rich maritime history and significant role during the Age of Exploration. It was a pioneer in overseas exploration, establishing trade routes and colonies that shaped global trade and cultural exchanges.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Portugal established its first colonies in Africa and Asia during the 15th century, marking the beginning of European imperial expansion.
2. The Age of Discovery saw Portugal become a leading maritime power, with explorers like Prince Henry the Navigator promoting advancements in navigation and shipbuilding.
3. Portugal's trade empire included lucrative routes for spices, sugar, and slaves, significantly impacting the economies of both Europe and the colonies.
4. The country was involved in the slave trade, transporting enslaved Africans to work in its colonies in Brazil and elsewhere.
5. In the 20th century, Portugal experienced significant political changes, including a dictatorship followed by a revolution that led to decolonization efforts in Africa and Asia.

Review Questions

• How did Portugal's maritime explorations contribute to the establishment of a global trading network during the Age of Exploration?
  • Portugal's maritime explorations laid the foundation for a global trading network by establishing sea routes to India, Africa, and Brazil. Explorers like Vasco da Gama opened up direct trade with Asia, allowing Portugal to dominate the spice trade. This network not only enhanced Portugal's economy but also facilitated cultural exchanges between Europe and various regions around the world.
• Analyze the impact of the Treaty of Tordesillas on Portuguese colonial expansion and its implications for global politics.
  • The Treaty of Tordesillas significantly impacted Portuguese colonial expansion by granting them exclusive rights to territories east of a designated meridian. This allowed Portugal to consolidate its influence in Africa, Asia, and Brazil while limiting Spanish expansion in those regions. The treaty established early principles of international diplomacy regarding territorial claims, influencing future colonial rivalries and conflicts among European powers.
• Evaluate how Portugal's involvement in the slave trade shaped its economic development and social structures in both Portugal and its colonies.
  • Portugal's involvement in the slave trade profoundly affected its economic development by creating wealth through sugar plantations in Brazil, where enslaved Africans were forced to work. This reliance on slavery entrenched social hierarchies in both Portugal and its colonies, leading to racial stratification that persisted long after slavery was abolished. Additionally, this economic model influenced Portuguese society by creating a class of wealthy landowners who benefited from exploitation while contributing to complex social dynamics based on race and class within Portuguese-speaking regions.

Related terms

Vasco da Gama:

A Portuguese explorer who was the first to reach India by sea, linking Europe and Asia via the ocean.

Treaty of Tordesillas:

An agreement between Spain and Portugal in 1494 that divided newly discovered lands outside Europe between the two powers along a meridian.

Lisbon: The capital city of Portugal, which became a major trade center during the Age of Exploration and an important hub for maritime commerce.