Novel "Frankenstein"

Definition

'Frankenstein', written by Mary Shelley and published in 1818, is a groundbreaking Gothic novel that explores themes of creation, responsibility, and the consequences of unbridled ambition. This novel is a significant piece of Romantic literature as it reflects the Romantic emphasis on emotion, nature, and individualism while also critiquing the Enlightenment's focus on reason and scientific advancement. Shelley's work raises questions about the moral implications of man's pursuit of knowledge and the nature of humanity itself.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. 'Frankenstein' is often considered one of the first science fiction novels, blending elements of Gothic horror with themes of scientific exploration.
2. The character of Victor Frankenstein embodies the archetype of the 'mad scientist', showcasing the dangers of obsession with knowledge and disregard for ethical considerations.
3. Shelley's creation, the monster, serves as a powerful metaphor for societal rejection and the consequences of isolation, highlighting the importance of compassion and empathy.
4. The novel was written during a time of significant scientific advancements, including developments in electricity and anatomy, reflecting society's fears about the potential misuse of science.
5. Mary Shelley's personal experiences, including her own struggles with loss and societal expectations as a woman, influenced her portrayal of creation and responsibility in 'Frankenstein'.

Review Questions

• How does 'Frankenstein' reflect the core principles of Romanticism through its characters and themes?
  • 'Frankenstein' reflects Romantic principles by emphasizing emotion over reason, particularly through Victor Frankenstein's obsessive ambition to create life. The novel critiques Enlightenment ideals by showcasing how Victor's rational pursuits lead to disastrous consequences. Additionally, the monster’s experiences highlight the importance of empathy and the human condition, reinforcing Romantic beliefs in individualism and emotional depth.
• Discuss how the theme of isolation in 'Frankenstein' serves to critique societal values during Mary Shelley's time.
  • In 'Frankenstein', both Victor and his creature experience profound isolation, which critiques societal values that prioritize ambition over community and compassion. Victor’s obsession with his scientific endeavors alienates him from family and friends, while the monster's rejection by society underscores the destructive impact of isolation on one's identity. This critique reflects the tension between individual ambition and societal responsibilities prevalent in Shelley's era.
• Evaluate the implications of scientific ambition portrayed in 'Frankenstein' within the context of Romanticism and its response to Enlightenment thought.
  • 'Frankenstein' presents a complex view of scientific ambition that serves as both an embodiment of Romantic ideals and a cautionary tale against unchecked rationalism. While Romanticism celebrates human potential for creativity and discovery, Shelley warns that overreaching ambition can lead to moral ruin and suffering. This duality illustrates a broader Romantic critique of Enlightenment thought, emphasizing that knowledge must be pursued with ethical consideration and an understanding of human emotions.

Related terms

Gothic Literature: A genre characterized by dark, mysterious settings and supernatural elements, often exploring themes of horror and the sublime.

Romanticism:

An artistic and intellectual movement that emerged in the late 18th century, emphasizing emotion, individualism, and a connection to nature as a reaction against industrialization and rationalism.

Prometheus: In Greek mythology, Prometheus is a titan who defied the gods by stealing fire and giving it to humanity, serving as a symbol of defiance against divine authority and the quest for knowledge.