Patterns refer to recurring solutions or designs that can be applied to solve similar problems. They provide a structured approach for solving problems efficiently by reusing proven methods.
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Abstraction is the process of simplifying complex systems by focusing on essential details while hiding unnecessary complexity. It helps identify patterns at higher levels without getting lost in implementation details.
Data Structures: Data structures organize and store data efficiently so that it can be accessed and manipulated effectively. They often rely on patterns to optimize data storage and retrieval.