New Spain refers to the Spanish colonial territories in North and Central America during the 16th to 19th centuries. It encompassed areas such as present-day Mexico, parts of the United States, and Central America.
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Encomienda System: A system in which Spanish colonizers were granted land and Native American laborers in exchange for converting them to Christianity.
Viceroyalty: A political division within New Spain that was ruled by a viceroy appointed by the Spanish crown.