key term - Reactive oxygen species (ROS)

Definition

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are chemically reactive molecules containing oxygen that form as a natural byproduct of the normal metabolism of oxygen. They have roles in cell signaling and homeostasis but can cause cellular damage when levels are too high.

Related terms

Oxidative stress: A condition arising from excessive ROS, leading to cellular damage and contributing to various diseases.

Antioxidants: Substances that can prevent or slow damage to cells caused by ROS, akin to catalytic converters for cars that reduce harmful emissions.

Mitochondria: Organelles known as the powerhouse of the cell, where the majority of ROS are generated during energy production