key term - Microglia

Definition

Microglia are specialized cells within the central nervous system (CNS) that act as the primary immune defense mechanism, playing key roles in inflammation and tissue repair. They constantly survey the CNS, identifying and eliminating pathogens and damaged neurons.

Related terms

Neurons:

Neurons are specialized cells that transmit nerve impulses, serving as the basic working units of the brain and nervous system.

Astrocytes: Astrocytes are star-shaped glial cells in the brain and spinal cord that support neurons, regulate neurotransmitter levels, and maintain the blood-brain barrier.

Blood:

brain barrier - The blood-brain barrier is a semi-permeable barrier of endothelial cells that prevents most substances in the blood from entering the central nervous system, protecting it from pathogens and toxins