Carbon sequestration

Definition

Carbon sequestration is the process of capturing and storing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) to mitigate or reverse climate change. This method can occur naturally through processes like photosynthesis in plants or artificially via technology that captures CO2 emissions from sources like power plants. By reducing the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere, carbon sequestration plays a critical role in combating global warming and maintaining ecological balance.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Carbon sequestration can occur through both natural processes, like forest growth, and engineered methods, such as carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies.
2. The oceans act as a significant carbon sink, absorbing about 30% of atmospheric CO2, but this process can lead to ocean acidification.
3. Forests are vital for carbon sequestration as they absorb CO2 during photosynthesis, storing it in biomass and soil.
4. Soil carbon sequestration involves practices that enhance the storage of organic carbon in soil, such as conservation tillage and cover cropping.
5. Carbon sequestration efforts are essential for meeting international climate targets, such as those set by the Paris Agreement, aimed at limiting global temperature rise.

Review Questions

• How does carbon sequestration contribute to mitigating climate change?
  • Carbon sequestration helps mitigate climate change by reducing the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Through natural processes like photosynthesis and engineered solutions like carbon capture and storage technologies, CO2 emissions can be captured before they reach the atmosphere. This reduction in greenhouse gases is crucial for slowing down global warming and stabilizing climate patterns.
• Discuss the differences between natural and artificial carbon sequestration methods and their respective roles in combating climate change.
  • Natural carbon sequestration methods include processes like photosynthesis in forests and ocean absorption, which take place without human intervention. In contrast, artificial methods involve technological interventions like carbon capture and storage systems that specifically target emissions from industrial sources. Both methods play significant roles; natural approaches enhance biodiversity and ecosystem health, while artificial methods can directly reduce industrial emissions contributing to climate change.
• Evaluate the effectiveness of current carbon sequestration strategies and their potential impact on future climate policy.
  • Current carbon sequestration strategies vary in effectiveness depending on implementation and scale. Natural solutions like afforestation are generally cost-effective but may require significant land resources. On the other hand, artificial methods such as direct air capture show promise but face challenges regarding economic viability and infrastructure needs. As climate policy evolves to prioritize net-zero emissions targets, enhancing these strategies will be crucial for achieving long-term sustainability goals and addressing climate change comprehensively.

Related terms

photosynthesis: The process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods with the help of chlorophyll, converting CO2 into oxygen and organic compounds.

greenhouse gases:

Gases that trap heat in the atmosphere, such as CO2, methane, and nitrous oxide, contributing to the greenhouse effect and climate change.

carbon footprint:

The total amount of greenhouse gases emitted directly or indirectly by an individual, organization, event, or product, typically measured in units of carbon dioxide equivalent.