Benjamin Franklin

Definition

Benjamin Franklin was a Founding Father of the United States, a polymath known for his contributions as a writer, scientist, inventor, and statesman. His work during the Enlightenment period emphasized reason, empirical evidence, and the belief in human progress, making him a central figure in American literature and thought of the time.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Franklin was one of the first American authors to achieve fame and success in both America and Europe, particularly through his writing and wit.
2. He was instrumental in promoting the values of the Enlightenment, advocating for education, civic responsibility, and scientific inquiry.
3. Franklin established the first public library in America and founded the University of Pennsylvania, emphasizing his commitment to education and public service.
4. His famous aphorisms from 'Poor Richard's Almanack' continue to influence American culture and reflect his pragmatic approach to life.
5. As a diplomat, Franklin played a key role in securing French support during the American Revolutionary War, showcasing his skills in negotiation and diplomacy.

Review Questions

• How did Benjamin Franklin's writings reflect Enlightenment philosophy?
  • Franklin's writings embodied Enlightenment philosophy by emphasizing reason, empirical evidence, and self-improvement. In works like 'Poor Richard's Almanack', he provided practical wisdom and promoted values such as hard work and frugality. His belief in progress through education and rational thought was also evident in his efforts to establish public institutions that benefited society.
• Discuss the impact of Benjamin Franklin on American literature and culture during the Enlightenment period.
  • Benjamin Franklin significantly impacted American literature by introducing new ideas about individualism, reason, and practical wisdom. His literary style combined humor with moral lessons, making complex ideas accessible to a broader audience. This democratization of knowledge not only shaped American culture but also inspired future writers to engage with Enlightenment ideals in their own works.
• Evaluate Benjamin Franklin's role as a diplomat during the American Revolution and its connection to his Enlightenment beliefs.
  • Benjamin Franklin's role as a diplomat during the American Revolution showcased his mastery of negotiation and strategic thinking, which were rooted in his Enlightenment beliefs. His ability to persuade France to support the American cause was grounded in rational discourse and mutual benefit. By applying Enlightenment principles of reasoned argumentation and diplomacy, Franklin not only advanced America's interests but also demonstrated how those ideals could be utilized effectively on the international stage.

Related terms

The Enlightenment:

An intellectual and philosophical movement that dominated the world of ideas in Europe during the 17th and 18th centuries, emphasizing reason, individualism, and skepticism of traditional authority.

Poor Richard's Almanack:

A yearly publication by Benjamin Franklin that included a mix of practical advice, witty sayings, and astronomical information, reflecting his belief in self-improvement and frugality.

Deism: A philosophical belief that posits a creator who does not intervene in the universe, which influenced Franklin's views on religion and morality, highlighting reason over revelation.