Geothermal energy

Definition

Geothermal energy is the heat that comes from the sub-surface of the earth, originating from the planet's formation and radioactive decay. This renewable energy source can be harnessed for various applications, including electricity generation and direct heating, making it a significant player in sustainable energy technologies. Its potential to provide a constant and reliable energy supply sets it apart from other renewable sources like solar and wind energy, which are dependent on weather conditions.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Geothermal energy is considered one of the most reliable renewable energy sources because it is available 24/7, regardless of weather conditions.
2. Countries like Iceland and the Philippines are leaders in utilizing geothermal energy, with a significant portion of their electricity coming from geothermal power plants.
3. The temperature of geothermal resources can range from near-surface levels (below 100°C) for direct use applications to high-temperature sources (above 150°C) for electricity generation.
4. Geothermal plants have a small land footprint compared to other renewable energy sources, making them an attractive option for energy production without extensive land use.
5. The environmental impact of geothermal energy is relatively low; however, it can still lead to land subsidence and the release of greenhouse gases if not managed properly.

Review Questions

• How does geothermal energy differ from solar and wind energy in terms of reliability and availability?
  • Geothermal energy is different from solar and wind energy because it provides a constant and reliable source of power regardless of external conditions. Unlike solar and wind, which depend on sunlight and wind speed, geothermal energy utilizes the Earth's natural heat stored beneath its surface. This makes geothermal energy an attractive option for baseload power generation since it can produce electricity continuously throughout the day and night.
• Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of using Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) compared to traditional geothermal power generation methods.
  • Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) offer several advantages over traditional methods, including access to geothermal resources in areas that lack natural reservoirs. EGS can significantly increase the potential for geothermal energy production by artificially creating reservoirs in hot, dry rock formations. However, there are disadvantages, such as higher costs associated with drilling and maintaining EGS sites, as well as environmental concerns related to induced seismicity from the injection of water into these formations.
• Analyze how the development and expansion of geothermal energy technologies could impact global energy sustainability efforts in the coming decades.
  • The development and expansion of geothermal energy technologies have the potential to greatly influence global sustainability efforts by providing a stable and reliable renewable energy source. As nations seek to reduce reliance on fossil fuels and lower greenhouse gas emissions, geothermal energy offers a viable solution due to its low carbon footprint. Moreover, increased investment in geothermal infrastructure can stimulate economic growth, create jobs in local communities, and contribute to energy security. The widespread adoption of geothermal technologies could play a crucial role in meeting international climate goals while supporting sustainable development.

Related terms

Geothermal Reservoir: A geothermal reservoir is a subsurface area that contains a significant amount of heat and fluids, which can be tapped for energy production.

Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS): EGS refers to engineered geothermal systems where water is injected into hot, dry rock formations to create steam and generate electricity.

Binary Cycle Power Plant: A binary cycle power plant is a type of geothermal power plant that uses a secondary fluid with a lower boiling point to generate electricity from geothermal heat.